<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title>APJMT</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2322-2611</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2322-4320</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>2024</year>
				<month>9</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2024</year>
				<month>9</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>13</volume>
			<number>3</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Japanese Sake Yeast Potentially Attenuates Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Male Rats Model: Behavioral, Oxidative Stress, and Immunogenetics Assessment</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Arsenic (AS) is widely distributed in our surroundings, causing various health problems like neurological disorders. The current research was designed to investigate the effect of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory content of sake yeast on the recovery of brain damage in an AS-treated rat&#039;s model with behavioral, oxidative stress, and immunogenetics assessment.Method: Twenty-four male rats were treated with AS (3 mg/kg b.wt. per day) alone or in combination form with sake (45 mg/kg b.wt. per day), and animals received them for 30 days in drinking water (n=6/group). The initial mechanism of action was explored by behavioral tests (rotarod, amphetamine rotation, and spatial memory(, oxidative assay, and histopathology methods.Results: Considering the vehicle group, induction of brain abnormalities by AS significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased the number of substantia nigra neurons, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the amount of α-synuclein protein and led to the massive accumulation of malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, sake supplementation can rescue the brain damage caused by this toxic metal, resulting in a reduction of malondialdehyde and α-synuclein protein levels, plus a considerable improvement in blood serum total antioxidant capacity consideration (P&lt;0.05). Activity behavioral tests confirmed the AS-mentioned changes by increasing the number of rotations and rod test time. Histopathology assays mimic the above data.Conclusion: In sum, the sake yeast supplement due to its properties positively influences for improvement of dopaminergic neuron dysfunction via AS damage.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>α-synuclein, Arsenic, Brain, Oxidative stress, Sake</keyword>
				<start_page>84</start_page>
				<end_page>89</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25185.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sadaf</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Saeedi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sadafsaidi77@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110476</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary sciences, science and Research branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Olfati</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>a.olfati65@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110477</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Research Development Center, Motazedi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tayebeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sadeghi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>t.sadeghi.g@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110478</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Firoozeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Veisi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>firoozehveisi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110479</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Maryam</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Zanganeh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mzangene.59710@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>110480</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Nasrin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jalilian</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>njalilian@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>110481</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sareh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Farshadfar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sareh111152@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110482</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Samad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nazemi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>samadnazemi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110483</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hamed</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khorami</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>110484</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medical Chemistry, Ghadr University of Kuchesfahan, Gilan, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Effect of Cannabis sativa on Haematological Parameters in male and Female Wistar Rats</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Consumption of Cannabis sativa (CS) (Marijuana), a well-known psychoactive substance may impose serious side effects on the body cells. This study aims to investigate the effects of CS on both male and female Wistar rats to identify the potential sex differences and examine specific blood parameters to understand cannabis’s impact (taking into consideration, dose-dependent) on blood health.Method: Administration of CS was done by oral cannula daily for 21 days. All the groups have free access to food and water. At the end of 21 days, all the animals were sacrificed and haematological parameters were measured using microplateimmunoenzymometric (EMA/ELISA) assays.Results: We observed that pack cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin, basophil, eosinophil and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the groups treated with high doses ( 4 and 6mg/kgbw) of CS were each significantly (p&lt;0.05) decrease in both male and female groups than the control and low dose (2mg/kgbw) respectively. However, platelet, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were each increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in both male and female groups treated with high doses of CS than the control and low dose respectively. There was no significant difference in mean corpuscular haemoglobin among the groups in both males and females. Additionally, there was no significant difference in all the haematological parameters between the control and 2mg/kg bw for both male and female groups.Conclusion: This study showed that CS seriously affected dose-dependent haematological parameters. However, these effects were more pronounced in males than in female rats.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Dose-dependent, Short-term, Sex differences, Blood health</keyword>
				<start_page>90</start_page>
				<end_page>94</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25186.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Amuda</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Oluwasola</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>droluwasola@alhikmah.edu.ng</email>
				<code>110485</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Lukman</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jimoh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>lljimoh@alhikmah.edu.ng</email>
				<code>110486</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Comfort</first_name>
				<middle_name>Modupe</middle_name>
				<last_name>Adedokun</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>comfort@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110487</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Gender-dependent Side Effects of Two Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens on HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Nsukka District Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: This study evaluated the gender-dependent potency and side effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy regimens (i) Zidovndine/Lamuvidine/ Nevirapine (ii) Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Effavirenz on HIV-positive/AIDs patients attending Nsukka district hospital Enugu, from January 2013 to December 2013. Method: A retrospective study of two hundred (200) patients of both sexes within the age bracket of 15 – 70 years attending Nsukka District hospital who were treated with HAART was conducted. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained through self developed validated data collection form.Results: Abdominal pains and diarrhea (3.3%) were the most reported clinical manifestations in regimen 1, followed by headache and chills (2.2%) while in regimen 2, headache, hotness and dizziness (2.4%) were the most reported clinical manifestations followed by pruritis. HAART 1 showed more adverse effects than HAART 2 on both sexes on most of the biochemical variables; glucose (34.57±95.97 - 4.89±0.3 mmol/l), cholesterol (17.33±39.87 - 3.63±0.62 mmol/l), serum glucotransaminase (SGOT) (36.78±27.76 - 32.83±17.10 iu/l), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), (18.66±13.33 - 15.14±6.01mg/dl) and amylase (126.29±186.21 - 104.43±31.38 µg/l).While  both regimens showed improved immunological and hematological outcomes: CD4+; 282.03±219.57 - 380.89±241.21 cells/µl (HAART1), 312.09±242.60-404.15±253.17 cells/µl (HAART2), hemoglobin(Hb) 10.60±1.74 - 10.93±1.81 g/dl (HAART1), 10.46 ±2.00 - 11.46±1.85 g/dl (HAART2).Conclusion: The adverse effects on clinical manifestation were more noticeable in regimen 1 in the study population, with the female population being the greater affected. Comparison of the two regimens with respect to their adverse effects on clinical manifestation favors regimen 2.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Gender-dependent, HIV/AIDS, HAART, Hematology, biochemical</keyword>
				<start_page>95</start_page>
				<end_page>103</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25187.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Okechukwu</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Asadu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ikechukwujeosph@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110488</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu Nigeria|Nsukka District Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Chibuisi</first_name>
				<middle_name>Fred</middle_name>
				<last_name>Otuu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fred.otuu@unn.edu.ng</email>
				<code>110490</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Nkoyo</first_name>
				<middle_name>Imelda</middle_name>
				<last_name>Nubila</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nkoyo.nubila@unn.edu.ng</email>
				<code>110489</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Elvis</first_name>
				<middle_name>N</middle_name>
				<last_name>Shu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>elvis.shu@unn.edu.ng</email>
				<code>110491</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Pattern and management of antihypertensive drug toxicity among admitted patients to Alexandria poison center, Egypt</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Despite different antidotes, antihypertensive toxicity, especially beta-blockers (BB) and calcium channel blockers (CCB), have a significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antihypertensive toxicity among the admitted patients to Alexandria Poison Center (APC).Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on all patients with antihypertensive toxicity, admitted to APC throughout year 2022. The management plan with adding methylene blue (MB) as a single bolus dose of 1mg/kg over 10 min to shocked cases was assessed.  Results: This work included 105 patients; with a mean age of (23.3 ± 13.3 years), (22.9%) were males and (77.1%) were females. The majority ingested BB and CCB. ECG showed bradycardia (8.6%), prolonged QTC (11.4%), prolonged PR interval (9.5%) and wide QRS complex (1.9%). Of all patients, (8.6%) received atropine, (4.8%) received vasopressors, (7.6%) received intravenous (IV) calcium and (4.8%) received high insulin glucose. In the current work, two cases presented with shock (1.9%) received IV MB early and survived. Refractory shock was the cause of death in (1.9%) of the cases who died before starting MB. The mean length of hospital stay was 34.06 ± 21.42 hours.  Ingestion of antihypertensive agents from different classes and prolonged PR interval were the main predictors of the length of hospital stay where P = 0.012, 0.021 at 95% CI respectively.Conclusion: Beta-blockers were the commonest ingested antihypertensive agent. Simultaneous ingestion of antihypertensive agents from different classes and prolonged PR interval have a significant prediction of the hospital stay length.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Antihypertensive toxicity, BB, CCB, Methylene blue</keyword>
				<start_page>104</start_page>
				<end_page>111</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25188.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Maha</first_name>
				<middle_name>Abdelhamied</middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghanem</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ghanemmaha63@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110492</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Manal</first_name>
				<middle_name>A</middle_name>
				<last_name>Hassan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>manalhassan55@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>110493</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohamed</first_name>
				<middle_name>mostafa</middle_name>
				<last_name>Megahed</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mohammedmegahed@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>110494</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Esraa</first_name>
				<middle_name>El-Sayed</middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghoneim</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>e.elsayed2802@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110495</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sara</first_name>
				<middle_name>Attia</middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghitani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>s_ghetany12@alexmed.edu.eg</email>
				<code>110496</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Morphine Analysis in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Review Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: The analysis of morphine in biological samples is pivotal in clinical and forensic toxicology and indicates drug exposure, metabolism, and toxicological profile.Method: This systematic review explores the recent analytical techniques that have used the detection and quantification of morphine in forensic toxicological investigations. Articles were collected from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases from  2011 until 30th September 2024. They were searched using a systematic search of English keywords including: “Morphine” OR “Analysis” OR “Analytical techniques” OR “Analytical innovations” OR “Methods” AND “Biological samples” OR “Biological matrices”. The selection criteria were based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses).Results: From 1200 articles detected in the early systematic search, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this study. The results showed that the advanced hyphenated analytical methods couple with mass spectrometry (MS) such as Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and related tandem GC-MS and LC-MS with recent sample preparation methods such as Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction (DLLME) are the most common analytical methods for detection of morphine in biological samples.Conclusion: Due to increase of morphine abuse as a worldwide concern, use of advanced analytical techniques with high sensitivity and precision in forensic toxicology setting should be recommended.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Morphine, Analysis, Biological samples, Forensic Toxicology</keyword>
				<start_page>112</start_page>
				<end_page>120</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25189.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sanaz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Pashapour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>pashapour.sanaz@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>110497</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kambiz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Soltaninejad</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>kamsoltaninejad@gmail.com</email>
				<code>110498</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Successful Management of Acute Kidney Injury in a case of Herbicide 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic acid Poisoning</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction: The compound 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is present in most combinations of herbicides and is widely used by farmers in India, especially against weeds in cereal crops. Few self-poisoning cases have been reported worldwide, with guarded prognosis in most cases. Inadequate history regarding deliberate intoxication, indistinct clinical presentation, and unavailability of diagnostic facilities to detect and estimate the agent make it a significant concern in poisoning as it mimics one of the commonest poisoning which is organophosphorus poisoning.  The therapy and management of this poisoning as well as prognosis of patients are not well described due to the paucity of cases in published literature.Case report: We present a case of 2,4-D poisoning with a successful clinical outcome and highlight the challenges faced in management. Our patient (A 41-year-old farmer) had a stormy clinical course in the hospital with acute kidney injury developing after a few days; he received supportive therapy along with renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis. He however recovered completely and was well at follow-up. We also review the optimum management of this condition so that emergency medicine physicians and allied health personnel involved in caring for these patients can manage this effectively.Discussion:  The toxicity of 2,4 D poisoning mimics the common organophosphorus poisoning in terms of symptoms. Nephrotoxicity has been described mainly due to tubular toxicity though this may manifest later in the course of hospitalization. Early initiation of alkaline diuresis not only augments the elimination of toxins but also prevents nephrotoxicity. The worsening toxin-induced acute kidney injury/acute renal failure should be promptly managed by hemodialysis, as it also helps in the elimination of 2,4-D.Conclusion: 2, 4-D poisoning remains a significant clinical challenge due to its non-specific presentation. This article contributes to the limited available literature on this potentially fatal condition highlighting the successful management of a severe case through a multi-modal approach involving alkaline diuresis, hemodialysis, and potentially corticosteroids. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of 2,4-D toxicity and to develop specific antidotes.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Herbicide, 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Acute kidney injury, hemodialysis</keyword>
				<start_page>121</start_page>
				<end_page>124</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25068.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>SHOBHANA</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>NAYAK RAO</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nayak_shobhana@rediffmail.com</email>
				<code>109939</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and research, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Athish</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>KK</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>athishkk62@gmail.com</email>
				<code>109937</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and research, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Prasanna Kumar</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>N</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>prasannakumar6563@gmail.com</email>
				<code>109938</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and research, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The next gen poison- a case series of amlodipine overdose</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction: Amlodipine is a commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive drug. Its inadvertent exposure and intentional overdose is the leading cause of drug overdose seen in the practice of cardiovascular medicine. It can lead to profound hypotension, refractory shock, acute renal failure and end organ damage.Case reports: A case series of three patients with serious calcium channel blocker (CCBs) overdose, out of which two survived and one succumbed despite aggressive treatment is presented here.Discussion: Our 3 patients presented with giddiness caused by hypotension attributable to generalized vasodilatation due to direct effect on vascular smooth muscle; and negative effect on the cardiac pacemaker and myocardial contractility. Hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin release and lactic acidosis also contributes to reduced dromotropic effect. Abdominal pain and vomiting seen in our patients has been ascribed to reduced gastrointestinal motility and stasis of gastric contents. Oliguric renal failure with features of fluid overload seen is attributable to prolonged hypotension and reduced effective circulatory volume. An unusual finding in our cases was non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. We attribute this to capillary leak syndrome as a result of generalized vasodilatation, resulting in excessive pulmonary capillary transudation.Conclusion: Thus, management of CCB poisoning can be challenging. Outcome can be improved by early and aggressive intensive care, fluid resuscitation, inotropic support, calcium infusion, glucagon infusion, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy and other supportive measures. The pulmonary edema can complicate fluid resuscitation, and one might need to stop IV fluids and give diuretics, ventilatory support and increase inotropes in such a scenario.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Amlodipine, NON-CARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA, IV CALCIUM THERAPY, HYPERINSULINEMIA-EUGLYCEMIA THERAPY, GLUCAGON INFUSION</keyword>
				<start_page>125</start_page>
				<end_page>130</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_25069.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Miet</first_name>
				<middle_name>Darshan</middle_name>
				<last_name>Shah</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>miet.shah@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>109940</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior resident, Department of general medicine, KJ Somaiya medical college and research center, Mumbai, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Advait</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kulkarni</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>advaitkulkarni9@gmail.com</email>
				<code>109941</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Senior resident, Department of general medicine, KJ Somaiya hospital, Mumbai, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Murtuza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghiya</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>murtuza.ghiya@gmail.com</email>
				<code>109942</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>MD, Emergency medicine, EM physician at CHFT, NHS, UK</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Atiullah</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Malik</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>malik9002atiullah@gmail.com</email>
				<code>109943</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of general medicine, Assistant professor, KJ Somaiya medical college and research center, Mumbai, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Niharika</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Gill</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>niharika@somaiya.edu</email>
				<code>109944</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of general medicine, Professor and head, KJ Somaiya medical college and research center, Mumbai, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>