<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Toxicology</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title>APJMT</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2322-2611</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2322-4320</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>3</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>3</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>15</volume>
			<number>1</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Prognostic Value of Routine Biochemical Markers in Acute Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Prospective Cohort Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a highly toxic pesticide widely used in agricultural settings. Due to its low cost and lack of regulatory control, it has become a common cause of poisoning in Egypt, often with fatal outcomes. Early identification of prognostic markers using routine laboratory investigations may aid in improving patient outcomes.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Poison Control Center of Zagazig University Hospitals from January to June 2021. A total of 42 patients with confirmed AlP poisoning were enrolled. Routine laboratory parameters, including total leukocyte count (TLC), liver enzymes (AST, ALT), renal function markers (creatinine, BUN), and serum electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺), were collected within 24 hours of admission. Patients were followed until discharge or in-hospital death. Survivors and non-survivors were compared to identify significant predictors.Results: Serum sodium levels were significantly higher in non-survivors (P = 0.04). Potassium levels were lower overall but did not differ significantly between groups.  The Total leukocyte count showed an increasing trend in non-survivors, although this trend was not statistically significant. Liver enzymes and renal function markers showed mild elevations in some cases but were not significantly associated with mortality.Conclusion: In this prospective cohort of acute AlP poisoning, elevated serum sodium was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, as ROC analysis for serum sodium yielded an AUC of 0.67 (0.5-0.83), while total leukocyte count showed a non-significant upward trend. These findings suggest that routine markers may offer early prognostic insight but require further validation.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Aluminum phosphide, acute toxicity, Serum Sodium, Total leukocyte count, Mortality</keyword>
				<start_page>1</start_page>
				<end_page>6</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27753.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Shymaa</first_name>
				<middle_name>Mohamed Nasrallah</middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdulrhman</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shymaanasrallah1993@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121989</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Omar</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Saafan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>omar.elsayed.saafan@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121990</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, England, United Kingdom</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Marwa Gabr</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ahmed</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>merooogabr88@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121991</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Poisoning Cases Among Children Under 18 Years in Arak: Causes, Contributing Factors, and Statistics</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Childhood poisoning poses serious health risks and complications. Numerous studies have highlighted differing rates of pediatric poisoning. This study investigates the prevalence, causes, and contributing factors of poisoning among children during the period from 2022 to 2024.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 483 children aged 1–18 years diagnosed with poisoning in Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak between March 2022 and March 2024. Data were retrospectively gathered from patient medical records during the specified period. Information on demographic details, seasonality, type of exposure (intentional or accidental), and general categories of poisoning agents was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age was 7.78 ± 5.75 years. Girls were significantly older than boys (8.79 ± 5.82 vs. 6.62 ± 5.45 years; P = 0.0001). Poisoning peaked in winter (30.6%). Mean hospital stay was 1.72 ± 1.06 days. Pharmaceutical poisoning was the most common cause (43.1%). Neurological symptoms were the most frequent presentation (49.9%). Accidental poisoning accounted for 76.4% of cases, with significant gender differences (accidental: 51.8% in boys; intentional: 71.1% in girls; P &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Pharmaceutical agents represented the leading cause of pediatric poisoning in this study. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing medication safety measures, enforcing stricter controls on drug accessibility, and implementing targeted prevention strategies, particularly for younger children and adolescents.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Child, Poisoning, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, toxicology</keyword>
				<start_page>7</start_page>
				<end_page>11</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27754.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Alimohammadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ali65513@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>121993</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Maral</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ramezani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ramezanima1365@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121992</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Behzad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Azami</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>azamib@arakmu.ac.ir</email>
				<code>121994</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Factors Contributing to Drug Addiction and the Effectiveness of Multi-Sectoral Initiatives for Narcotics Prevention in Lashkargah, Helmand Province</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Narcotic addiction poses a significant threat to individuals, families, and communities in Afghanistan, particularly in Lashkargah City, Helmand Province. This study examines the effectiveness of government-led initiatives in preventing narcotics use.Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed. Behavioral observation reports and structured questionnaires from 70 addicts were supplemented with data from the Helmand Directorate of Public Health and a 100-bed rehabilitation facility. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, while qualitative findings strengthened the interpretation of results.Results: The findings indicate that the primary causes of drug addiction in the area include peer pressure (85.2%) and the high accessibility of drugs (85%). Participants also reported several major consequences of addiction, such as social stigma (55.6%), economic strain (61.1%), and social isolation (70.4%). Additionally, 94.4% of respondents emphasized the importance of government-led and community-based initiatives, including awareness campaigns, rehabilitation services, and public participation. Moreover, 83.3% of respondents recognized educational institutions as key actors in prevention, noting that school-based awareness programs and prevention education can significantly reduce drug use among youth.Conclusion: The study concludes that peer pressure and easy access to drugs are primary drivers of addiction in Lashkargah. It also highlights the critical contribution of government bodies, educational institutions, and community efforts as part of multi-sectoral approaches to narcotics prevention. Effective mitigation of drug use requires coordinated action and continued collaboration across these sectors.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Substance-Related Disorders, Narcotics, Risk factors, Government Programs, Social Impact, Helmand Province</keyword>
				<start_page>12</start_page>
				<end_page>20</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27755.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad Din</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khadim</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>arakoziaarnj@gmail.com</email>
				<code>121995</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Head of Research Center, Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad Wali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Wali</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>121996</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Vice Chancellor of Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Waris</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Badr</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>121997</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Memebr of Research Board, Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Abdul Halim</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Duranai</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>121998</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Lecturer, Medical Faculty, Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Abdul Manan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sultani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>121999</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Head of Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hidayatullah</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Zhwand</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>122000</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Lecturer, Medical Faculty, Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Abdul Bari</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Habibi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email></email>
				<code>122001</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Lecturer, Medical Faculty, Arakozia Institute of Higher Education, Helmand, Lashkargah, Afghanistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Chronic Exposure to Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics Induces Endocrine and Inflammatory Dysregulation in Female Albino Rats: Implications for Reproductive and Public Health</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: The widespread use of plastics has led to an increased environmental presence of microplastics, with potential adverse effects. This study was conducted to assess the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on reproductive hormones and Interleukin-1β in chronically-exposed female albino rats.Methods: Forty female albino rats were selected for the study. Polyethylene terephthalate pellets were obtained, crushed, dissolved in water, and passed through a 5µm sieve to obtain particles with a size of ≤ 5µm which were used for the study.  Twelve rats were used for a pilot study, while the remaining twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups (n = 7). The PET treatment was administered orally using gavage tubes for 90-days. 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg, and 120mg/kg PET-microplastics were given to rats in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, while group 1 received only food and water (negative control). After the duration of treatments, blood samples were collected for analysis of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and IL-1β levels using ELISA methods. Statistical analysis was computed using GraphPad Prism Software. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean levels of estradiol, progesterone, and IL-1β in the PET-treated rats were significantly higher than the levels in the control group (p &lt; 0.0001). However, the mean levels of prolactin in PET-treated groups were not significantly different from those in the control rats (p = 0.2157).Conclusion: These findings suggest that chronic PET-microplastic exposure may induce inflammatory responses and endocrine disruption in the animal model, as evidenced by alterations in hormone levels and IL-1β concentration, highlighting potential health risks that may be associated with prolonged PET microplastic exposure.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Estradiol, Progesterone, Interleukin 1β, Plastic Particles, Toxicity</keyword>
				<start_page>21</start_page>
				<end_page>27</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27756.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Godae</first_name>
				<middle_name>Fidelis</middle_name>
				<last_name>Beega</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>godae.beega@ust.edu.ng</email>
				<code>122002</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kemzi</first_name>
				<middle_name>Nosike</middle_name>
				<last_name>Elechi-Amadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>kemzi89@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122003</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Edna</first_name>
				<middle_name>Ogechi</middle_name>
				<last_name>Nwachukwu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>edna.ibegbulem@ust.edu.ng</email>
				<code>122004</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Functionalization and Application of Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Adsorptive Removal of Penicillin G from Aqueous Solution</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants such as Penicillin G in aquatic environments poses significant ecological and health risks. This study aimed to synthesize carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and evaluate their efficiency in removing Penicillin G from aqueous solutions through adsorption.Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. MWCNT-COOH was synthesized via a diazonium-based surface modification and characterized using FTIR and SEM. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, and kinetics were assessed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.Results: The synthesized MWCNT-COOH showed efficient adsorption performance, with maximum removal observed at pH 8 and equilibrium achieved within 80 minutes. The Langmuir model best described the isotherm data, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 118.17 mg/g. Kinetic analysis revealed that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption. Adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting an exothermic mechanism.Conclusion: MWCNT-COOH prepared via surface functionalization showed excellent potential as an adsorbent for Penicillin G removal. The findings support the use of functionalized carbon nanomaterials for the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated water.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Penicillin G, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), adsorption, Isotherm models, Kinetic modeling, Thermodynamic analysis, wastewater treatment</keyword>
				<start_page>28</start_page>
				<end_page>36</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27764.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Milad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Chahardori</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>milad.chahardori@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122041</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran|Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran|Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hamidreza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hmohammadi@farabi.tums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122039</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fatemeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Shaki</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fshaki.tox@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122040</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Twenty-year trends in ICU poisoning management with and without antidotes: experience from a tertiary hospital in Pakistan</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Poisoning is a major global health challenge and often requires intensive care due to high morbidity and mortality. We evaluate epidemiological trends, clinical features, and outcomes of adults admitted to the ICU with toxic exposures or substance misuse over 20 years.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, including adults (≥18 years) admitted to the medical ICU between 2002 and 2022. Statistical analyses (Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney U, and logistic regression) assessed associations and predictors of mortality.Results: Among 115 patients, most were young adults (18–30 years, 47%) and male (71.3%). Organophosphorus (OP) compounds were the most common (39.1%), followed by household bleach and paraquat (24.3%). Median ICU stay was 5 days, and hospital stay was 9 days. ICU mortality was 18.3%, with 81.7% surviving to discharge. Gastric lavage was performed in 23.5%, and antidotes in 65.2%, with slightly higher survival among recipients (66% vs. 61.9%). OP poisoning was linked to central nervous and cardiovascular complications, while methanol poisoning was strongly associated with acute kidney injury. Non-survivors had shorter ICU stays, more renal complications, higher vasopressor use (90.5%), and increased need for renal replacement therapy (52.4%). Logistic regression identified longer hospital stay (OR = 1.124, p = 0.044) and vasopressor use (OR = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.005–0.176) as significant mortality predictors.Conclusion: Poisoning-related ICU admissions mainly affected young males, with OP compounds and methanol as leading toxins. Methanol poisoning and vasopressor requirement were strongly associated with mortality. Early recognition and aggressive management are essential for improving outcomes.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Antidotes, Intensive Care Units, Methanol, Organophosphates, Poisoning</keyword>
				<start_page>37</start_page>
				<end_page>43</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27766.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sadaf</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hanif</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sadaf.hanif@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122046</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Senior Instructor, Internal Medicine &amp; Critical Care, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Muhammad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sohaib</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>muhammad.sohaib@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122047</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Anesthesia &amp; Critical Care, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sana</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hirani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sana.hirani@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122048</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Nurse Specialist, Internal Medicine &amp; Nursing Division, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Summaya</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Fatima</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>summaya.fatima@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122049</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Resident, Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ashraf</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Buzdar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ashraf.buzdar@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122050</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Resident, Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fatima</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sohail</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fatima.sohail@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122051</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Senior Medical Officer, Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fatima</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fatima.khan@aku.edu</email>
				<code>122052</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Resident, Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sher</first_name>
				<middle_name>M</middle_name>
				<last_name>Sethi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sher.sethi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122053</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Instructor, Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Deliberate Self-Harm in South India: Patterns, Outcomes and Public Health Implications from a Retrospective Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) represents a largely under-recognized public health crisis in low- and middle-income countries, particularly affecting young adults. Despite its significant contribution to morbidity, mortality, and long-term psychological and socioeconomic consequences, it continues to receive insufficient attention in public health agendas. We aim to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who presented with DSH to a secondary care hospital in South India.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records of patients presenting with DSH to the Emergency Department of a secondary care hospital in South India between 2019 and 2024. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, methods of self-harm, clinical features, and referral outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.Results: Of 61,797 Emergency Department visits over five years, 179 (0.29%) were due to DSH. The mean (SD) age was 31.8 (14.1) years, with a slight female predominance (50.8%); most patients were aged 15–30 years (58.7%). Toxic ingestion was the predominant method, with agrochemicals forming the largest group (31.8%), followed by medication overdose (15.1%) and corrosive ingestion (11.2%); hanging accounted for 17.9% of cases. Most patients were referred to tertiary centres (64.8%), while 22.3% were admitted locally. Emergency department mortality was 1.7%.Conclusion: DSH remains a substantial public health burden in India, especially among young adults. The high proportion of impulsive, high-lethality attempts highlights the urgent need to strengthen emergency mental health services, pesticide regulation, and preventive strategies at the secondary care level.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Delibrate self harm, Suicide, Poisoning, Medical toxicology, Drug Overdose</keyword>
				<start_page>44</start_page>
				<end_page>48</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27770.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Beryl</first_name>
				<middle_name>Ini</middle_name>
				<last_name>Prasantha</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>berylini28@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122072</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior Resident, Department of Medicine chittoor campus, Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Renju</first_name>
				<middle_name>Mathew</middle_name>
				<last_name>Alex</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>renju1494@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122073</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior Resident, Department of Medicine chittoor campus, Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Jangala</first_name>
				<middle_name>Sai</middle_name>
				<last_name>Supriya</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jangalasaisupriya@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122074</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior Resident, Department of Medicine chittoor campus, Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Thomas</first_name>
				<middle_name>Vinod</middle_name>
				<last_name>Thomas</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>thomas.vinod.t@gmail.cpm</email>
				<code>122076</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Chittoor campus</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kakileti</first_name>
				<middle_name>Mercy</middle_name>
				<last_name>Theophila</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mercyktheophila7@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122075</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior Resident, Department of Medicine chittoor campus, Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Priyanjali</first_name>
				<middle_name>venkata</middle_name>
				<last_name>Chode</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>priyanjalichode2000@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122077</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Junior Resident, Department of Medicine chittoor campus, Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Reginald</first_name>
				<middle_name>George</middle_name>
				<last_name>Alex</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dralex98@cmcvellore.ac.in</email>
				<code>122078</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Professor and head of chittoor medicine department, Department of Medicine chittoor campus , Christian Medical College Vellore, India</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>A Case of Mixed Herbicide Poisoning Presenting with Diverse Findings: Diagnostic Pitfalls and the Importance of Psychosocial Context</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Although glyphosate-based herbicides are generally considered to have low acute toxicity to humans, commercially available formulations may contain multiple active ingredients and co-formulants that produce atypical clinical manifestations.Case Presentation: A 53-year-old woman with a history of panic disorder and kleptomania was found collapsed at home by her family just before incarceration. On arrival, she had marked bilateral mydriasis (8 mm), impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale: E1V1M1), QTc prolongation (633 ms), metabolic acidosis, and elevated lactate. Stimulant intoxication was initially considered because of mydriasis and a positive urine amphetamine screen; however, she lacked hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and agitation, and QT prolongation was not interpreted as evidence of adrenergic stimulation. Detailed history-taking and UPLC-HRMS toxicological analysis revealed ingestion of a commercial herbicide containing glyphosate isopropylamine salt, flumioxazin, and MCPA, with MCPA detected in serum. She improved with conservative treatment and was discharged on hospital day 8.Discussion: This case illustrates atypical toxicosis caused by a multi-ingredient herbicide. The presentation did not fulfill a classic sympathomimetic toxidrome; instead, mydriasis, impaired consciousness, QT prolongation, and ileus required broad differential diagnosis. Component-specific assessment suggested that glyphosate-surfactant exposure, MCPA toxicity, and uncertain co-formulant effects together contributed to the clinical picture. Quantitative pupillometry and confirmatory toxicological analysis helped avoid diagnostic anchoring.Conclusion: Commercial herbicide poisoning should not automatically be interpreted as single-agent glyphosate poisoning. Separating key clinical problems from formulation-specific toxicities may improve emergency diagnosis and management.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Glyphosate Poisoning, Toxidromes, Mydriasis, Herbicide, Diagnostic errors</keyword>
				<start_page>49</start_page>
				<end_page>52</end_page>
				<web_url>https://apjmt.mums.ac.ir/article_27773.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Takashi</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ishii</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>takashi.ishii@med.toho-u.ac.jp</email>
				<code>122103</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kazuhiro</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Matsuo</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>matsuok@phar.toho-u.ac.jp</email>
				<code>122108</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ryo</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ichibayashi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ryou.ichibayashi@med.toho-u.ac.jp</email>
				<code>122109</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>